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''Arver v. United States'', , also known as the ''Selective Draft Law Cases'', was a United States Supreme Court decision which upheld the Selective Service Act of 1917, and more generally, upheld conscription in the United States. The Supreme Court upheld that conscription did not violate the Thirteenth Amendment's prohibition of involuntary servitude, or the First Amendment's protection of freedom of conscience. The Solicitor General's argument, and the court's opinion, were based primarily on ''Kneedler v. Lane'', which was actually multiple opinions of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania during the American Civil War that upheld the Enrollment Act, and Vattel's The Law of Nations (1758). The reliance on the ''Kneedler v. Lane'' decisions of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court have been questioned on multiple occasions.〔 As reasoning for its decision, laws of the following governments were given as listed in The Statesman's Yearbook for 1917 as enforcing military service: * Argentina * Austria-Hungary * Belgium * Brazil * Bulgaria * Bolivia * Colombia * Chile * China * Denmark * Ecuador * France〔''フランス語:La loi du 15 juillet 1889 sur le recrutement de l'armée'', July 15, 1889 (Duvergier, vol. 89, p. 440), modified by act of 21 March 1905 (Duvergier, vol. 105, p. 133)〕 * Greece * Germany〔Constitution, German Empire, April 16, 1871, Art. 57, 59〕〔''ドイツ語:Gesetz, betreffend Aenderungen der Wehrpflicht, vom 11 February 1888'', No. 1767, ''ドイツ語:Reichs-Gesetzblatt'', p. 11, amended by law of July 22, 1913, No. 4264, ''ドイツ語:RGBl.'', p. 593〕 * Guatemala * Honduras * Italy * Japan * Mexico * Montenegro * Netherlands * Nicaragua * Norway * Peru * Portugal * Romania * Russia * Serbia * Siam * Spain * Switzerland * El Salvador * Turkey * Canada〔Military Service Act of August 27, 1917, expressly providing for service abroad. Printed in the Congressional Record of September 20, 1917, 55th Cong. Rec., p. 7959〕 == References == * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Selective Draft Law Cases」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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